Commensalism

This is a picture of a tree and a separate plant living on the tree. This situation of the two plants is an example of commensalism. Commensalism is a type of relationship between to organisms, in which one lives with, on, or within the other without harming each other. One species may be obtaining food or someway of benefiting from the other species. The picture of the multicolored leaf plant is clearly benefiting from the tree stalk, but it is not harming it in anyway.

Ethylene

This is a picture of a ripening banana. Ripening bananas are an example of ethylene. Ethylene is the plant hormone that stimulates or regulates fruit ripening, flower wilting, and leaf fall. The ethylene gas (hydrocarbon) stimulates the conversion of starches and acids to sugars. As the banana ripens more and more, the color will continue to darken.

Gibberellins

This is a picture of seedless grapes. Grapes are an example of gibberellins. Gibberellins are plant growth hormones that stimulate stem elongation, germination, and flowering. They regulate growth and influence various developmental processes of the plants. Adding gibberellins to crops can also produce seedless fruits (such as seedless grapes) when applied at the precise time.

C3 Plant

This is a picture of fescue grass. Fescue grass (most lawn grasses) are an example of a C3 plant. C3 plants are those that are the most common and most efficient at using photosynthesis in cool, wet climates. They use the Calvin cycle to fix the carbon dioxide from the air. This grass is a C3 plant because it need wetter climates in order for photosynthesis to proceed properly.

Phloem

This is a picture of a celery stalk. A celery stalk is an example of phloem. Phloem is the tissues of vascular plants that conducts the sugars produced by photosynthesis to all parts of the plant. Phloem consists of the cells; sieve elements, parenchyma cells, sclereids, and fibers. This picture is the cross section of a celery stalk which contain the tissues phloem and xylem. While phloem transports the foods (sugars), xylem transports water and other nutrients throughout the plant. 

Adaptation of a Plant

This is a picture of a pitcher plant. Pitcher plants are an example of a adaptation of a plant. Adaptations of a plant are special characteristics or features of the plant that allow them to survive/live in a particular place and environment. Adaptations for a plant in one particular place would make it difficult for it to survive in a different habitat. The pitcher plant has adapted to become a carnivorous plant due to poor nutrient soil living conditions. They created a special feature for the plant to absorb nutrients and use their brightly colored leaves to attract its' prey.

Seed Dispersal

This is a picture of a Western Grey Squirrel with a nut in it's mouth. This squirrel represents an example of seed dispersal. Seed dispersal is the movement/transport of a seed away from its parent plant. Plants rely on wind, water, and animals to spread their seeds. Squirrels often times take acorns from oak trees and either store or eat them for later. Sometimes they forget where they buried their nuts, which therefore allows the seed to germinate. 

Autotroph

This is a picture of a tree. A tree is an example of an autotroph. An autotroph is any organism that can make it's own food from non-living substances (such as the sun and carbon dioxide) using light or chemical energy. All plants with green leaves create their own food through photosynthesis. Autotrophs, like trees, use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to form sugar to use in cellular respiration.

Asexual Reproduction

This is a picture of corals. Corals are an example of asexual reproduction. Corals can both reproduce asexually and sexually. Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction where the offspring is produced from a single organism and only has genes from that one parent. The offspring is essentially a clone of it's parent because there was no genetic material exchanged. With corals, the types of asexual reproduction is budding (division into clones) and fragmentation. Fragmentation usually occurs naturally when they are broken off and attach and develop into new colonies.

Cuticle Layer of a Plant

This is a picture of the leaves on a plant. These leaves represent the cuticle layer of a plant. The cuticle layer of a plant is the waxy protective layer covering the epidermis (outer cell layer) of the leaves. They cover the leaves of all plant species. The protective layer reduces water loss from the leaves surface, protects the plants against dissection, UV radiation, and various kinds of physical, and chemical agents.

Hydrophilic

This is a picture of salt mixed in with water. Salt is an example of what it means to be hydrophilic. If a substance is hydrophilic it means that it has a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water. Hydrophilic molecules have polar groups that allow the substance to dissolve in or absorb the water. The salt readily dissolves and mixes in with the water.

Stigma and Style of Carpel

This is a picture of the stigma and style of carpel. The carpel is the innermost part of a flower and is the female reproductive structure. A carpel is made up of the stigma, the style, and the ovary. The stigma is the top portion of the carpel and is where pollination usually occurs. The style is a long tube that connects the stigma to the ovary. Pollen grains will then produce pollen tubes down the style toward the ovary and release sperm cells.

Anther and Filament of a Stamen

This is a picture of the anther and filament of a stamen. The male reproductive part of the flower, the stamen, consists of the anther and filament. The anther is the structure that produces pollen, and the filament is a stalk-like structure that is attached to the base of the flower and supports the anther. The stamen will carry and produce pollen until a pollinator comes by and takes the pollen to another flower.

CAM Plant

This is a picture of a cactus. A cactus is an example of a CAM Plant. A CAM Plant (Crassulaeum acid metabolism) is any plant that goes through photosynthesis but only takes in carbon dioxide at night. In a plant using CAM, the stomata (openings in the plant) remained closed during the day to reduce evaporation of it's water, but open up at night to take in carbon dioxide. This is how cacti and other CAM plants adapt to the hot weather they are growing in.

Genetic Variation Within a Population

This is a picture of various colored flowers. These different colored flowers are an example of genetic variation within a population. In genetic variation, the genes of the organisms within a population vary and change. Variations within the population can happen when there are new gene combinations. The flowers pictured show that they are the same species of flowers but their colors are all different.

Hydrophobic

This is a picture of plant leaves with water droplets on it. The water droplets on the leaves are an example of hydrophobic. Hydrophobic describes the condition when a substance doesn't mix or repels with water molecules. The water droplets on this plant show that the substance on the leaves are not combining with the water.

Bilateral Symmetry

This is a picture of a drawer full of butterflies. Butterflies are an example of bilateral symmetry. Bilateral symmetry is when a animal has mirror symmetry when their body is divided vertically into left and right halves. With butterflies, when their body is divided, they have identical left and right halves. Bilateral symmetry is a characteristic if animals who are able to move freely within their environment.

Basidiomycete

This is a picture of mushrooms. Mushrooms are an example of basidiomycete. Basidiomycete is any large group of fungi that produce spores on basidium (a microscopic, club-shaped spore-bearing structure). Examples of this include smuts, rusts, mushrooms, and puffballs.

Rhizomes

This is a picture of a ginger. Gingers are an example of rhizomes. Rhizomes are the thick stem of a plant that usually grows under and along the ground. They often produce and send out roots and shoots where new plants can form from them. Rhizomes are used to store starches and proteins and help the plant to survive any kind of weather underground.

Long-day Plant

This is a picture of potatoes. Potatoes are an example of a long-day plant. Long-day plants are plants that need to be exposed to light longer in order for it to flower and grow. Potatoes exemplify this because in order for it to sprout, then the amount of sunlight it receives needs to be increased.

Pollinator

This is a picture of bees. Bees represent an example of a pollinator. Pollinators are organisms that move pollen from one plant to another to reach fertilization. Pollen must be moved from the male anther to the female stigma of a flower in order for fertilization to proceed. Due to the bee's fuzzy bodies, the pollen sticks easily. With bees, other insects, vertebrates, non-bat mammals, and some reptiles are also known to be pollinators.

Gymnosperm Cone - Female

This is a picture of a female pine cone. Pine cones are an example of gymnosperm cones (male and female). A gymnosperm cone is the gametophyte (phase of a plant's life cycle) of the gymnosperm plants. Male cones are often found higher up on a tree and contain pollen that gets passed down to the female cone via wind. The female cones are found lower on the tree and will open and close to take in the pollen and release the seeds after. The cones in this picture are more open and is assumed to be female.

Gymnosperm Leaves

This is a picture of pine needles. Pine needles are a example of gymnosperm leaves. Gymnosperm leaves are a group of plants that produce seeds that are not enclosed. The unprotected seed is called a naked seed. Most gymnosperms produce cones. Pine trees are classified as conifers (cone-bearing) and produce their seeds on surface of the reproductive structure (often found on the surfaces of cones).  

Frond

This is a picture of fern leaves. A fern leaf represents an example of a frond. A frond, large or small, contains many divisions and multiple leaflets. Fern fronds have both a photosynthetic and reproductive function. In this picture, the leaves also have many divisions and leaflets.

Amniotic Egg

This is a picture of a chicken egg. A chicken egg represents one of the examples of an amniotic egg. Amniotic eggs are produced by reptiles, birds, and any egg-laying mammal. The egg contains an embryo that is surrounded by a amnion filled with amniotic fluid. The outer shell (either calcium-based, or leathery), the amnion, and the amniotic fluid act as a protective layer for the embryo to survive. The yolk sac that is attached to the embryo is the membranous sac that delivers its nutrients.